一步一步教你安装Nginx+PHP+Mysql
发现很多VPS用LNMP一键安装包都 失败,有不能排错,唯有给出教程,一步一步教你安装,所谓授人于鱼不如授人于渔嘛,本文是在CentOS 5.4 操作系统下测试通过的,用的是DiaHosting上 的32位系统,为什么要用32位系统?就是为了节省内存,VPS内存都不是很多的,纯32位系统比X86_X64兼用32位系统更省内存.
安装步骤:
1,升级系统和安装相关的程序库
yum -y update
yum -y install patch make gcc gcc-c++ gcc-g77 flex bison
yum -y install libtool libtool-libs kernel-devel autoconf
yum -y install libjpeg libjpeg-devel libpng libpng-devel
yum -y install freetype freetype-devel libxml2 libxml2-devel zlib zlib-devel
yum -y install glib2 glib2-devel bzip2 diff*
yum -y install bzip2-devel ncurses ncurses-devel curl curl-devel e2fsprogs
yum -y install e2fsprogs-devel krb5 krb5-devel libidn libidn-devel
yum -y install openssl openssl-devel vim-minimal
yum -y install fonts-chinese scim-chewing scim-pinyin scim-tables-chinese
2,下载相关程序源码包
wget http://catlnmp.googlecode.com/files/libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz
wget http://catlnmp.googlecode.com/files/mhash-0.9.9.9.tar.gz
wget http://catlnmp.googlecode.com/files/mcrypt-2.6.8.tar.gz
wget http://catlnmp.googlecode.com/files/mysql-5.1.44.tar.gz
wget http://php-fpm.org/downloads/php-5.2.13-fpm-0.5.13.diff.gz
wget http://www.sfr-fresh.com/unix/www/php-5.2.13.tar.gz
wget http://catlnmp.googlecode.com/files/memcache-2.2.5.tgz
wget http://catlnmp.googlecode.com/files/PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2.tgz
wget http://catlnmp.googlecode.com/files/eaccelerator-0.9.6.tar.bz2
wget http://catlnmp.googlecode.com/files/ZendOptimizer-3.3.9-linux-glibc23-i386.tar.gz
wget http://catlnmp.googlecode.com/files/ZendOptimizer-3.3.9-linux-glibc23-x86_64.tar.gz
wget http://catlnmp.googlecode.com/files/pcre-8.01.tar.gz
wget http://catlnmp.googlecode.com/files/nginx-0.7.65.tar.gz
wget http://catlnmp.googlecode.com/files/phpMyAdmin-3.2.4-all-languages.tar.gz
wget http://catlnmp.googlecode.com/files/index.php
3,开始安装,先安装PHP需要的库程序
cd libiconv-1.13.1/
./configure --prefix=/usr/local
make
make install
cd ../
tar zxvf libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz
cd libmcrypt-2.5.8/
./configure
make
make install
/sbin/ldconfig
cd libltdl/
./configure --enable-ltdl-install
make
make install
cd ../../
tar zxvf mhash-0.9.9.9.tar.gz
cd mhash-0.9.9.9/
./configure
make
make install
cd ../
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.la /usr/lib/libmcrypt.la
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so.4 /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so.4
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so.4.4.8 /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so.4.4.8
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.a /usr/lib/libmhash.a
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.la /usr/lib/libmhash.la
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so /usr/lib/libmhash.so
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so.2 /usr/lib/libmhash.so.2
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so.2.0.1 /usr/lib/libmhash.so.2.0.1
ln -s /usr/local/bin/libmcrypt-config /usr/bin/libmcrypt-config
tar zxvf mcrypt-2.6.8.tar.gz
cd mcrypt-2.6.8/
./configure
make
make install
cd ../
4,安装mysql
cd mysql-5.1.44
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/mysql --with-extra-charsets=all --enable-thread-safe-client --enable-assembler --with-charset=utf8 --enable-thread-safe-client --with-extra-charsets=all --with-big-tables --with-readline --with-ssl --with-embedded-server --enable-local-infile --without-debug
make && make install
cd ../
创建MySQL数据库,用默认的配置my.cnf
useradd -g mysql mysql
cp /usr/local/mysql/share/mysql/my-medium.cnf /etc/my.cnf
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_install_db --user=mysql
chown -R mysql /usr/local/mysql/var
chgrp -R mysql /usr/local/mysql/.
添加Mysql启动服务,并且设置root密码
chmod 755 /etc/init.d/mysql
chkconfig --level 345 mysql on
echo "/usr/local/mysql/lib/mysql" >> /etc/ld.so.conf
echo "/usr/local/lib" >>/etc/ld.so.conf
ldconfig
ln -s /usr/local/mysql/lib/mysql /usr/lib/mysql
ln -s /usr/local/mysql/include/mysql /usr/include/mysql
service mysql start
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u root password root //root改为你需要的密码
service mysql restart
5,安装PHP(FastCGI模式)
gzip -cd php-5.2.13-fpm-0.5.13.diff.gz | patch -d php-5.2.13 -p1
cd php-5.2.13/
./buildconf --force
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php --with-config-file-path=/usr/local/php/etc --with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql --with-mysqli=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_config --with-iconv-dir=/usr/local --with-freetype-dir --with-jpeg-dir --with-png-dir --with-zlib --with-libxml-dir=/usr --enable-xml --disable-rpath --enable-discard-path --enable-safe-mode --enable-bcmath --enable-shmop --enable-sysvsem --enable-inline-optimization --with-curl --with-curlwrappers --enable-mbregex --enable-fastcgi --enable-fpm --enable-force-cgi-redirect --enable-mbstring --with-mcrypt --with-gd --enable-gd-native-ttf --with-mhash --enable-pcntl --enable-sockets --with-xmlrpc --enable-zip --enable-ftp
make ZEND_EXTRA_LIBS='-liconv'
make install
cp php.ini-dist /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini
cd ../
6,安装PHP扩展模块
cd memcache-2.2.5/
/usr/local/php/bin/phpize
./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/php-config
make
make install
cd ../
tar zxvf PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2.tgz
cd PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2/
/usr/local/php/bin/phpize
./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/php-config --with-pdo-mysql=/usr/local/mysql
make
make install
cd ../
tar jxvf eaccelerator-0.9.6.tar.bz2
cd eaccelerator-0.9.6/
/usr/local/php/bin/phpize
./configure --enable-eaccelerator=shared --with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/php-config
make
make install
cd ../
安装Zend Optimizer,32位系统版本
mkdir -p /usr/local/zend/
cp ZendOptimizer-3.3.9-linux-glibc23-i386/data/5_2_x_comp/ZendOptimizer.so /usr/local/zend/
如果是64位系统,则
mkdir -p /usr/local/zend/
cp ZendOptimizer-3.3.9-linux-glibc23-x86_64/data/5_2_x_comp/ZendOptimizer.so /usr/local/zend/
配置php.ini
7,修改php.ini文件
手工修改:查找/usr/local/php/etc/php.ini中的extension_dir = "./"
修改为extension_dir = "/usr/local/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/"
并在此行后增加以下几行,然后保存:
extension = "memcache.so"
extension = "pdo_mysql.so"
再查找 output_buffering = Off
修改为output_buffering = On
自动修改:可执行以下shell命令,自动完成对php.ini文件的修改:
sed -i 's#output_buffering = Off#output_buffering = On#' /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini
8,配置eAccelerator加速PHP:
创建缓存目录
配置php.ini
[eaccelerator]
zend_extension="/usr/local/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/eaccelerator.so"
eaccelerator.shm_size="16"
eaccelerator.cache_dir="/usr/local/eaccelerator_cache"
eaccelerator.enable="1"
eaccelerator.optimizer="1"
eaccelerator.check_mtime="1"
eaccelerator.debug="0"
eaccelerator.filter=""
eaccelerator.shm_max="0"
eaccelerator.shm_ttl="3600"
eaccelerator.shm_prune_period="3600"
eaccelerator.shm_only="0"
eaccelerator.compress="1"
eaccelerator.compress_level="9"
EOF
9,创建www用户和组,以及主机需要的目录,日志目录
useradd -g www www
mkdir -p /home/www
chmod +w /home/www
mkdir -p /home/www/logs
chmod 777 /home/www/logs
chown -R www:www /home/www
10,创建php-fpm配置文件
vi /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf
输入以下内容,我设置开的进程是5个.需要更改进程数,可以修改5
All relative paths in this config are relative to php's install prefix
<section name="global_options">
Pid file
<value name="pid_file">/usr/local/php/logs/php-fpm.pid</value>
Error log file
<value name="error_log">/usr/local/php/logs/php-fpm.log</value>
Log level
<value name="log_level">notice</value>
When this amount of php processes exited with SIGSEGV or SIGBUS ...
<value name="emergency_restart_threshold">10</value>
... in a less than this interval of time, a graceful restart will be initiated.
Useful to work around accidental curruptions in accelerator's shared memory.
<value name="emergency_restart_interval">1m</value>
Time limit on waiting child's reaction on signals from master
<value name="process_control_timeout">5s</value>
Set to 'no' to debug fpm
<value name="daemonize">yes</value>
</section>
<workers>
<section name="pool">
Name of pool. Used in logs and stats.
<value name="name">default</value>
Address to accept fastcgi requests on.
Valid syntax is 'ip.ad.re.ss:port' or just 'port' or '/path/to/unix/socket'
<value name="listen_address">/tmp/php-cgi.sock</value>
<value name="listen_options">
Set listen(2) backlog
</value><value name="backlog">-1</value>
Set permissions for unix socket, if one used.
In Linux read/write permissions must be set in order to allow connections from web server.
Many BSD-derrived systems allow connections regardless of permissions.
<value name="owner"></value>
<value name="group"></value>
<value name="mode">0666</value>
Additional php.ini defines, specific to this pool of workers.
<value name="php_defines">
</value><value name="sendmail_path">/usr/sbin/sendmail -t -i</value>
<value name="display_errors">1</value>
Unix user of processes
<value name="user">www</value>
Unix group of processes
<value name="group">www</value>
Process manager settings
<value name="pm">
Sets style of controling worker process count.
Valid values are 'static' and 'apache-like'
</value><value name="style">static</value>
Sets the limit on the number of simultaneous requests that will be served.
Equivalent to Apache MaxClients directive.
Equivalent to PHP_FCGI_CHILDREN environment in original php.fcgi
Used with any pm_style.
<value name="max_children">5</value>
Settings group for 'apache-like' pm style
<value name="apache_like">
Sets the number of server processes created on startup.
Used only when 'apache-like' pm_style is selected
</value><value name="StartServers">20</value>
Sets the desired minimum number of idle server processes.
Used only when 'apache-like' pm_style is selected
<value name="MinSpareServers">5</value>
Sets the desired maximum number of idle server processes.
Used only when 'apache-like' pm_style is selected
<value name="MaxSpareServers">35</value>
The timeout (in seconds) for serving a single request after which the worker process will be terminated
Should be used when 'max_execution_time' ini option does not stop script execution for some reason
'0s' means 'off'
<value name="request_terminate_timeout">0s</value>
The timeout (in seconds) for serving of single request after which a php backtrace will be dumped to slow.log file
'0s' means 'off'
<value name="request_slowlog_timeout">0s</value>
The log file for slow requests
<value name="slowlog">logs/slow.log</value>
Set open file desc rlimit
<value name="rlimit_files">51200</value>
Set max core size rlimit
<value name="rlimit_core">0</value>
Chroot to this directory at the start, absolute path
<value name="chroot"></value>
Chdir to this directory at the start, absolute path
<value name="chdir"></value>
Redirect workers' stdout and stderr into main error log.
If not set, they will be redirected to /dev/null, according to FastCGI specs
<value name="catch_workers_output">yes</value>
How much requests each process should execute before respawn.
Useful to work around memory leaks in 3rd party libraries.
For endless request processing please specify 0
Equivalent to PHP_FCGI_MAX_REQUESTS
<value name="max_requests">10240</value>
Comma separated list of ipv4 addresses of FastCGI clients that allowed to connect.
Equivalent to FCGI_WEB_SERVER_ADDRS environment in original php.fcgi (5.2.2+)
Makes sense only with AF_INET listening socket.
<value name="allowed_clients">127.0.0.1</value>
Pass environment variables like LD_LIBRARY_PATH
All $VARIABLEs are taken from current environment
<value name="environment">
</value><value name="HOSTNAME">$HOSTNAME</value>
<value name="PATH">/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin</value>
<value name="TMP">/tmp</value>
<value name="TMPDIR">/tmp</value>
<value name="TEMP">/tmp</value>
<value name="OSTYPE">$OSTYPE</value>
<value name="MACHTYPE">$MACHTYPE</value>
<value name="MALLOC_CHECK_">2</value>
</section>
</workers>
</configuration>
11,启动php-cgi进程,监听127.0.0.1的9000端口,进程数为5,用户为www
/usr/local/php/sbin/php-fpm start
注:/usr/local/php/sbin/php-fpm还有其他参数,包 括:start|stop|quit|restart|reload|logrotate,修改php.ini后不重启php-cgi,重新加载配置文件 使用reload
12,安装Nginx
cd pcre-8.01/
./configure
make && make install
cd ../
tar zxvf nginx-0.7.65.tar.gz
cd nginx-0.7.65/
./configure --user=www --group=www --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_gzip_static_module
make && make install
cd ../
13,创建Nginx配置文件
rm -f /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
vi /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
输入以下内容:
worker_processes 1;
error_log /home/www/logs/nginx_error.log crit;
pid /usr/local/nginx/nginx.pid;
#Specifies the value for maximum file descriptors that can be opened by this process.
worker_rlimit_nofile 65535;
events
{
use epoll;
worker_connections 65535;
}
http
{
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
#charse gb2312;
server_names_hash_bucket_size 128;
client_header_buffer_size 128k;
large_client_header_buffers 4 256k;
client_max_body_size 8m;
sendfile on;
tcp_nopush on;
keepalive_timeout 60;
tcp_nodelay on;
fastcgi_connect_timeout 300;
fastcgi_send_timeout 300;
fastcgi_read_timeout 300;
fastcgi_buffer_size 64k;
fastcgi_buffers 4 64k;
fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 128k;
fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 128k;
gzip on;
gzip_min_length 1k;
gzip_buffers 4 16k;
gzip_http_version 1.1;
gzip_comp_level 9;
gzip_types text/plain application/x-javascript text/css application/xml;
gzip_vary on;
output_buffers 4 32k;
postpone_output 1460;
#limit_zone crawler $binary_remote_addr 10m;
server
{
listen 80;
server_name vps.imcat.in;
index index.html index.htm index.php;
include location.conf;
root /home/www;
}
include servers/*;
}
14,在/usr/local/nginx/conf/目录中创建location.conf文件:
输入内容:
{
#fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
include fastcgi.conf;
}
location ~ .*.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf)$
{
expires 30d;
}
location ~ .*.(js|css)?$
{
expires 12h;
}
多站点管理,可以在/usr/local/nginx/conf/servers目录添加配置文件,格式为:
内容:
{
listen 80;
server_name imcat.in;
index index.html index.htm index.php;
root /home/www/imcat;
}
请注意,我是没有开启Nginx日志记录功能的.
启动Nginx:
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
放个探针看看
访问你的IP看看吧!
15,安装phpMyAdmin,管理Mysql数据库
mv phpMyAdmin-3.2.4-all-languages /home/www/phpmyadmin
16,配置开机自动启动Nginx + PHP
echo "/usr/local/php/sbin/php-fpm start" >>/etc/rc.local
echo "/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx" >>/etc/rc.local
17,优化Linux内核参数(我只在Xen VPS用过,Openvz VPS失败,慎用)
在最后加入
net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 65536
net.core.netdev_max_backlog = 32768
net.core.somaxconn = 32768
net.core.wmem_default = 8388608
net.core.rmem_default = 8388608
net.core.rmem_max = 16777216
net.core.wmem_max = 16777216
net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps = 0
net.ipv4.tcp_synack_retries = 2
net.ipv4.tcp_syn_retries = 2
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1
#net.ipv4.tcp_tw_len = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_mem = 94500000 915000000 927000000
net.ipv4.tcp_max_orphans = 3276800
#net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 30
#net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 120
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65535
使配置立即生效:
18,需要安装ftp的,可以简单安装vsftpd应用:
/etc/init.d/vsftpd start
chkconfig --level 345 vsftpd on
19,请务必更改www用户密码:
全文完!欢迎抓错误!
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学习学习…………
我的更变态啊,我的为什么不能用wget命令啊,以用就提示 -bash:wget:command not found 我就日了
你可以看我这文章
http://www.imfeng.com/linux-rootlocalhost-bash-3-2/
Linux 开机启动[root@localhost]变成bash-3.2#解决方法
真是强人,如果我也会安装Nginx+php+mysql就美了
如果在代码段最后加一个回车就好了
这样可以直接在终端窗口里粘贴就都执行完事
现在没有最后一个回车,最后一个命令需要手动执行一下
/usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf有错误,改成下面的就可以了
All relative paths in this config are relative to php's install prefix
Pid file
/usr/local/php/logs/php-fpm.pid
Error log file
/home/www/logs/php-fpm.log
Log level
notice
When this amount of php processes exited with SIGSEGV or SIGBUS ...
10
... in a less than this interval of time, a graceful restart will be initiated.
Useful to work around accidental curruptions in accelerator's shared memory.
1m
Time limit on waiting child's reaction on signals from master
5s
Set to 'no' to debug fpm
yes
Name of pool. Used in logs and stats.
default
Address to accept fastcgi requests on.
Valid syntax is 'ip.ad.re.ss:port' or just 'port' or '/path/to/unix/socket'
127.0.0.1:9000
-1
Set permissions for unix socket, if one used.
In Linux read/write permissions must be set in order to allow connections from web server.
Many BSD-derrived systems allow connections regardless of permissions.
www
www
0666
Additional php.ini defines, specific to this pool of workers.
/usr/sbin/sendmail -t -i
0
Unix user of processes
www
Unix group of processes
www
Process manager settings
Sets style of controling worker process count.
Valid values are 'static' and 'apache-like'
static
Sets the limit on the number of simultaneous requests that will be served.
Equivalent to Apache MaxClients directive.
Equivalent to PHP_FCGI_CHILDREN environment in original php.fcgi
Used with any pm_style.
5
Settings group for 'apache-like' pm style
Sets the number of server processes created on startup.
Used only when 'apache-like' pm_style is selected
20
Sets the desired minimum number of idle server processes.
Used only when 'apache-like' pm_style is selected
5
Sets the desired maximum number of idle server processes.
Used only when 'apache-like' pm_style is selected
35
The timeout (in seconds) for serving a single request after which the worker process will be terminated
Should be used when 'max_execution_time' ini option does not stop script execution for some reason
'0s' means 'off'
0s
The timeout (in seconds) for serving of single request after which a php backtrace will be dumped to slow.log file
'0s' means 'off'
0s
The log file for slow requests
logs/slow.log
Set open file desc rlimit
65535
Set max core size rlimit
0
Chroot to this directory at the start, absolute path
Chdir to this directory at the start, absolute path
Redirect workers' stdout and stderr into main error log.
If not set, they will be redirected to /dev/null, according to FastCGI specs
yes
How much requests each process should execute before respawn.
Useful to work around memory leaks in 3rd party libraries.
For endless request processing please specify 0
Equivalent to PHP_FCGI_MAX_REQUESTS
102400
Comma separated list of ipv4 addresses of FastCGI clients that allowed to connect.
Equivalent to FCGI_WEB_SERVER_ADDRS environment in original php.fcgi (5.2.2+)
Makes sense only with AF_INET listening socket.
127.0.0.1
Pass environment variables like LD_LIBRARY_PATH
All $VARIABLEs are taken from current environment
$HOSTNAME
/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin
/tmp
/tmp
/tmp
$OSTYPE
$MACHTYPE
2
是因为那个xml的文件格式错误了
其实可以拿原版的文件简单改下
增加group跟user为www即可
能弄个apache2.2.15+php5.3.2(fastcgi)+php-fpm/spawn-fcgi教程吗,非常感谢!
另外这个问题能帮忙解决吗?不胜感激!
http://bbs.chinaunix.net/thread-1722019-1-1.html
为什么要yum updata ,这条命令会乱下载东西,什么phprpm包也下载了,实际上,根本不需要,我觉得先要沥青需要那些基础包,如gcc libtool 什么的.一安装就下载,也不知道下载了那些内容,有些浪费,
还有个问题就是安装的mysql 的时候在./configure 后会出现libtoolt问题,我从mysql 9.1.39到44这个版本,没有不出现这个问题的,不知道你们安装会不会出现类似情况,也不知道是那个库少安装了
这些软件肯定是你的系统自带的,所以运行这个命令的时候,就会更新这些软件..
你这怎么上传附件啊
http://www.junguo.info/yum-update.PNG
这个是我截的图片
好长的技术贴,..